← All Calculators
Science Calculators
Free calculators for physics, chemistry, and engineering problems.
Ohm's Law Calculator Calculate voltage, current, or resistance using Ohm's Law. Enter any two values
Voltage Calculator Calculate electrical voltage from current and resistance, or from power and curr
Resistor Color Code Calculator Decode resistor color bands to find resistance value and tolerance. Supports 4-b
Speed Calculator Calculate speed from distance and time, distance from speed and time, or time fr
Density Calculator Calculate density from mass and volume, mass from density and volume, or volume
Force Calculator Calculate force, mass, or acceleration using Newton's Second Law F = ma. Support
Molar Mass Calculator Find the molar mass of common elements and chemical compounds in g/mol. Instantl
pH Calculator Calculate pH from hydrogen ion concentration [H⁺], or find [H⁺] and [OH⁻] from a
Half-Life Calculator Calculate the remaining amount of a radioactive substance after a given time usi
Sample Size Calculator Calculate the required sample size for surveys, experiments, and A/B tests. Supp
Dilution Calculator Calculate solution dilutions using C1V1 = C2V2. Find final volume, concentration
Wire Size Calculator Find the correct AWG wire size for any electrical circuit based on amperage, dis
Dew Point Calculator Calculate dew point from air temperature and relative humidity using the Magnus
Amps to Watts Calculator Convert amps to watts for DC, single-phase AC, and three-phase AC circuits. Get
Wind Chill Calculator Calculate wind chill temperature using the NWS formula. Enter air temperature an
Heat Index Calculator Calculate the heat index (feels-like temperature) from air temperature and relat
Molarity Calculator Calculate molarity (mol/L) from solute mass, molar mass, and solution volume. Fi
Electric Field Calculator Calculate electric field strength (N/C) from a point charge, parallel plates, or
Acceleration Calculator Calculate acceleration from velocity change, force, or free fall. Includes g-for
Wavelength Calculator Convert frequency to wavelength (and back) in vacuum, air, or water. Identify th
Electricity Carbon Calculator Calculate CO₂ emissions from electricity usage. Enter monthly kWh and select you
Noise Level Calculator Calculate combined decibel levels from multiple sound sources, find dB at distan
Air Quality Index Calculator Calculate AQI from PM2.5, PM10, or Ozone concentrations. Get your air quality ca
Voltage Drop Calculator Calculate voltage drop over wire distance for single-phase and three-phase circu
Kinetic Energy Calculator Calculate kinetic energy from mass and velocity. Supports relativistic KE, rotat
Momentum Calculator Calculate linear momentum (p = mv), impulse, and collision outcomes. Covers elas
Ideal Gas Law Calculator Solve PV = nRT for any variable. Supports combined gas law, gas density, Van der
Pendulum Calculator Calculate pendulum period, frequency, and angular frequency from length and grav
Specific Heat Calculator Calculate heat energy, temperature change, or mass using Q = mcΔT. Includes mate
Spring Constant Calculator Calculate spring constant (k), force, or displacement using Hooke's Law. Covers
Projectile Motion Calculator Calculate projectile range, maximum height, and time of flight. Enter initial ve
Capacitance Calculator Calculate capacitance from charge and voltage (C=Q/V), energy stored (½CV²), par
Buoyancy Calculator Calculate buoyant force, apparent weight, and whether an object floats or sinks
Friction Calculator Calculate friction force from normal force and coefficient of friction. Covers f
Bandwidth Calculator Calculate required internet bandwidth for file transfers, video streaming (720p/
Thermal Expansion Calculator Calculate linear, area, and volumetric thermal expansion for 8+ materials. Inclu
Work Energy Calculator Calculate work done by a force using W = Fd cos(θ). Includes Work-Energy Theorem
Heat Transfer Calculator Calculate heat transfer rate (W) and heat flux (W/m²) for conduction, convection
Power Calculator Calculate mechanical power from work & time (P=W/t), force & velocity (P=Fv), or
Centripetal Force Calculator Calculate centripetal force and acceleration from mass, velocity, and radius. So
Elastic Potential Energy Calculator Calculate elastic potential energy stored in a spring using ½kx². Find energy fr
Wave Speed Calculator Calculate wave speed using v = fλ. Solve for speed, frequency, or wavelength. In
Beat Frequency Calculator Calculate beat frequency from two sound waves. Find beat rate |f₁−f₂|, beat peri
Sound Intensity Calculator Convert sound intensity (W/m²) to decibels (dB) and back. Calculate sound pressu
Telescope Magnification Calculator Calculate telescope magnification (M = f_obj / f_eye), maximum useful magnificat
Snell's Window Calculator Calculate Snell's window critical angle (θ_c = arcsin(1/n) ≈ 48.6° for water), w
Snell's Law Calculator Calculate the angle of refraction using Snell's Law (n₁sinθ₁ = n₂sinθ₂). Find re
Thin Lens Calculator Calculate image distance and magnification using the thin lens equation 1/f = 1/
Mirror Equation Calculator Calculate image distance and magnification for concave, convex, and plane mirror
Lensmaker's Equation Calculator Calculate lens focal length from surface radii and refractive index using the le
Magnification Calculator Calculate optical magnification from object and image heights (m = hᵢ/hₒ) or dis
Focal Length Calculator Calculate focal length from object and image distances (1/f = 1/dₒ + 1/dᵢ), from
Diopter Calculator Convert between focal length and diopters (optical power). Calculate combined po
Refractive Index Calculator Calculate refractive index n = c/v from light speed in medium, look up n for 50+
Critical Angle Calculator Calculate the critical angle for total internal reflection: θ_c = arcsin(n₂/n₁).
Doppler Effect Calculator Calculate the Doppler frequency shift for moving sources and observers. Covers s
Henderson-Hasselbalch Calculator Calculate buffer pH using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Enter pKa and conj
Stoichiometry Calculator Convert between mass, moles, and molecules across a balanced chemical equation.
Limiting Reactant Calculator Identify the limiting reactant in a chemical reaction. Enter moles or masses of
Percent Yield Calculator Calculate percent yield from actual and theoretical yields. Includes atom econom
Empirical Formula Calculator Calculate the empirical formula from percent composition or element masses. Dete
Titration Calculator Calculate the molarity of an unknown acid or base from titration data. Supports
Gibbs Free Energy Calculator Calculate ΔG from ΔH and ΔS, from equilibrium constant K, or from cell potential
Enthalpy Calculator Calculate the enthalpy of reaction (ΔH_rxn) using Hess's Law from standard entha
Rate of Reaction Calculator Calculate reaction rate using the rate law r = k[A]ⁿ, from concentration changes
Activation Energy Calculator Calculate activation energy Ea from two rate constants at two temperatures using
Escape Velocity Calculator Calculate escape velocity from any planet or body using mass and radius. Include
Orbital Period Calculator Calculate orbital period using Kepler's Third Law (T = 2π√(a³/GM)). Supports AU/
Orbital Velocity Calculator Calculate circular orbital velocity (v = √(GM/r)) or elliptical velocity using t
Gravitational Force Calculator Calculate the gravitational force between two masses using Newton's law F = Gm₁m
Surface Gravity Calculator Calculate surface gravity (g = GM/r²) for any planet or body. Shows g in m/s² an
Light-Year Converter Convert between light-years, parsecs, AU, kilometers, miles, and light-seconds.
Parsec Calculator Convert stellar parallax angle (arcseconds) to distance in parsecs and light-yea
Hubble Law Calculator Calculate galaxy recession velocity from Hubble's Law (v = H₀d). Shows Hubble te
Redshift Calculator Calculate cosmological redshift z from observed and emitted wavelengths, or from
Schwarzschild Radius Calculator Calculate the Schwarzschild radius (event horizon) of a black hole from its mass
Freezing Point Depression Calculator Calculate freezing point depression using ΔTf = i × Kf × m. Supports water, benz
Boiling Point Elevation Calculator Calculate boiling point elevation using ΔTb = i × Kb × m. Supports water, benzen
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Calculator Calculate Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium genotype frequencies from allele frequencie
Michaelis-Menten Calculator Calculate enzyme reaction rates using the Michaelis-Menten equation. Find Km, Vm
Cell Doubling Time Calculator Calculate cell doubling time (td) and specific growth rate (μ) from cell counts.
Punnett Square Calculator Calculate Mendelian inheritance outcomes with a Punnett square. Supports monohyb
Altitude Oxygen Calculator Calculate atmospheric pressure in mbar/atm and partial pressure of oxygen (mmHg)
Bernoulli Equation Calculator Calculate fluid pressure at any point using the Bernoulli equation. Enter pressu
Reynolds Number Calculator Calculate Reynolds number from fluid density, velocity, characteristic length, a
Terminal Velocity Calculator Calculate terminal velocity for any object in air or fluid. Enter mass, drag coe
Coulomb's Law Calculator Calculate the electrostatic force between two point charges using Coulomb's law
Drag Force Calculator Calculate aerodynamic or fluid drag force using F_D = ½ρv²CdA. Covers high-Reyno
Inductor Reactance Calculator Calculate inductive reactance XL = 2πfL for any inductance and frequency. Covers
RLC Circuit Calculator Calculate impedance Z, resonant frequency, Q factor, bandwidth, phase angle, and
Transformer Turns Ratio Calculator Calculate secondary voltage, current, and impedance for power transformers. Ente
Half-Life Decay Chain Calculator Calculate parent and daughter isotope activities in multi-step radioactive decay
Nuclear Binding Energy Calculator Calculate nuclear binding energy and mass defect from proton/neutron counts and
Relativistic Velocity Calculator Calculate relativistic velocity addition, Lorentz factor γ, time dilation, and l
Photon Energy Calculator Calculate photon energy E = hf = hc/λ in Joules and electron volts from waveleng
Earthquake Magnitude Calculator Calculate Richter local magnitude (Mₗ) from amplitude and distance, convert to m
Earthquake Energy Calculator Calculate the energy released by any earthquake magnitude in joules, TNT equival
Mohr's Circle Calculator Calculate principal stresses σ₁ and σ₂, maximum shear stress τmax, and principal
Mineral Density Calculator Calculate mass from mineral density and volume. Covers rock-forming minerals, or
Tsunami Travel Time Calculator Calculate tsunami wave speed and travel time across ocean basins using the shall