Surface Gravity Calculator
Calculate surface gravity (g = GM/r²) for any planet or body. Shows g in m/s² and Earth-g multiples. Includes all solar system planets and weight on other worlds.
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Surface Gravity
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Extended More scenarios, charts & detailed breakdown ▾
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Surface Gravity
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In Earth g units —
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Gravity
Surface Gravity —
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How to Use This Calculator
- Enter planet mass in kg and radius in meters to compute surface gravity.
- Or use From Density & Radius tab if you know mean density.
- Select a preset in the Solar System tab for instant comparisons.
- Professional tier adds your weight on that world, latitude correction, and altitude variation.
Formula
g = GM/r² | G = 6.67430×10⁻¹¹ N·m²/kg²
From density: g = (4/3)πGρr
In Earth g: g / 9.807
Example
Mars: M = 6.417×10²³ kg, r = 3.3895×10⁶ m → g = 6.674×10⁻¹¹ × 6.417×10²³ / (3.3895×10⁶)² ≈ 3.72 m/s² (0.379g)
Frequently Asked Questions
- Surface gravity is the gravitational acceleration at a body's surface: g = GM/r², where G = 6.67430×10⁻¹¹ N·m²/kg², M is the body's mass, and r is its radius. Earth's surface gravity is ~9.807 m/s².
- Mars has a surface gravity of ~3.72 m/s² (0.379 g). A 70 kg person weighs 70 × 9.81 = 686 N on Earth but only 70 × 3.72 = 260 N on Mars.
- Jupiter is enormous — its radius is 11× Earth's. Since g = GM/r², the huge radius partially offsets the large mass. Jupiter's surface gravity is ~24.8 m/s² = 2.53g.
- Yes: g = (4/3)πGρr, where ρ is the average density and r is the radius. This is useful when density is known but exact mass is not.
- Earth is slightly oblate (flattened at poles). Equatorial g ≈ 9.780 m/s², polar g ≈ 9.832 m/s². The difference is due to both shape and centrifugal effect from rotation.
Related Calculators
Sources & References (5) ▾
- NASA Planetary Fact Sheet — NASA NSSDCA
- NIST CODATA — Gravitational Constant G — NIST CODATA
- University Physics Vol. 1, Ch. 13: Gravitation — OpenStax
- Gravity — HyperPhysics — Georgia State University HyperPhysics
- Solar System Dynamics — JPL — NASA JPL