IP Address Converter
Convert IPv4 addresses to binary (32-bit), hexadecimal, and decimal integer. Understand CIDR notation, private address ranges, and IPv4 vs IPv6 differences.
IPv4 Address
—
Binary (32-bit) —
Hexadecimal —
Decimal Integer —
Extended More scenarios, charts & detailed breakdown ▾
Dotted Decimal
—
Binary —
Hex —
Integer —
Reverse DNS (in-addr.arpa) —
Professional Full parameters & maximum detail ▾
Address Details
IP Address —
Full Hex —
Integer —
Classification
Address Class (Legacy) —
Scope / Range Type —
How to Use This Calculator
- Enter an IPv4 address (e.g., 192.168.1.1) in the input field.
- See the address converted to binary (32-bit), hexadecimal, and decimal integer instantly.
- Use IPv6 Compression tab to expand and compress IPv6 addresses.
- Use CIDR / Subnet tab to understand network ranges from CIDR notation.
- Professional tab shows private range detection, reserved address classification, and IPv4-mapped IPv6 format.
Formula
IPv4 → integer: (octet1 × 2²⁴) + (octet2 × 2¹⁶) + (octet3 × 2⁸) + octet4
Integer → IPv4: extract each 8-bit group by dividing and taking remainder with 256.
Example
192.168.1.1 → binary: 11000000.10101000.00000001.00000001 → hex: C0.A8.01.01 → integer: 3,232,235,777.
Frequently Asked Questions
- IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4) uses 32-bit addresses written as four decimal octets (e.g., 192.168.1.1), providing 2³² = approximately 4.3 billion unique addresses. IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses written as eight groups of four hexadecimal digits separated by colons (e.g., 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334), providing 2¹²⁸ ≈ 3.4×10³⁸ addresses — enough to assign trillions of addresses to every atom on Earth. IPv4 was designed in 1981 and its address space was exhausted by IANA in 2011. IPv6 adds auto-configuration (SLAAC), mandatory IPSec support, simplified packet headers for faster routing, and built-in multicast. IPv6 addresses can be compressed by omitting leading zeros and replacing consecutive zero groups with :: (once per address). The transition from IPv4 to IPv6 is ongoing, with most modern networks running dual-stack (both protocols simultaneously) for backward compatibility.
- Converting an IPv4 address to binary is straightforward: split the address into its four octets (the numbers between the dots), convert each octet to an 8-bit binary number, then concatenate all four 8-bit groups. Each octet ranges from 0 to 255. To convert a decimal number to 8-bit binary, repeatedly divide by 2 and collect remainders, or recognize that the 8 bit positions represent 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1. For example, 192 = 128+64 = 11000000₂. The IP 192.168.1.1 becomes: 192=11000000, 168=10101000, 1=00000001, 1=00000001, concatenated: 11000000.10101000.00000001.00000001 (32 bits total). This binary representation is what routers actually use internally. Network masks work by comparing binary representations bit-by-bit to determine which part of an address is the network portion versus the host portion.
- CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) notation uses a slash followed by a number to indicate how many bits of a 32-bit IP address represent the network portion. /24 means the first 24 bits are the network address and the remaining 8 bits identify individual hosts. For 192.168.1.0/24: the network is 192.168.1 (fixed) and hosts are .0 through .255, giving 256 addresses (254 usable — .0 is the network address and .255 is the broadcast address). The /24 subnet mask in dotted notation is 255.255.255.0. Common CIDR blocks: /8 (16M addresses, Class A), /16 (65,536 addresses, Class B), /24 (256 addresses, Class C), /30 (4 addresses, point-to-point links). CIDR replaced the old Class A/B/C system in 1993, allowing flexible allocation. ISPs use CIDR route summarization to reduce the size of global routing tables.
- Private IP addresses are reserved ranges defined by RFC 1918 for use within private networks (LANs) that are not directly routable on the public internet. The three private ranges are: 10.0.0.0/8 (10.0.0.0–10.255.255.255, ~16.7M addresses), 172.16.0.0/12 (172.16.0.0–172.31.255.255, ~1M addresses), and 192.168.0.0/16 (192.168.0.0–192.168.255.255, 65,536 addresses). Routers discard packets destined for private addresses on the public internet. Network Address Translation (NAT) allows multiple devices sharing private addresses to access the internet through a single public IP — a technique that has significantly extended IPv4 lifespan. Private addresses are free to use without registration, making them ideal for home networks (typically 192.168.x.x), corporate networks, and cloud VPCs. The loopback range 127.0.0.0/8 (commonly 127.0.0.1 = localhost) is another reserved block for self-communication.
- IPv4's 32-bit address space provides exactly 4,294,967,296 addresses — approximately 4.3 billion. This seemed generous when designed in 1981, with perhaps a few thousand computers envisioned. By 2011, IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) allocated its last /8 block to regional registries. ARIN (North America) exhausted its pool in 2015. The growth driving depletion: smartphones (billions of devices), IoT sensors, home broadband (each household gets at least one public IP), cloud computing, and global internet adoption. Various stopgaps have extended IPv4's life: NAT (many devices share one public IP), Classless routing (more efficient allocation than Class A/B/C), and address trading markets where IPv4 blocks now sell for $30–50 per address. IPv6 is the permanent solution with its 128-bit, 340 undecillion address space. Modern networks run dual-stack, supporting both. Full IPv6 adoption is gradual but accelerating, with major CDNs and cloud providers fully IPv6-enabled.